An Autobiography by Catherine Helen Spence – Australia in the 19thC
An Autobiography by Catherine Helen Spence. (1910) Not available in French.
On October 31, 1905, I celebrated my eightieth birthday. Twelve months earlier, writing to a friend, I said:—”I entered my eightieth year on Monday, and I enjoy life as much as I did at 18; indeed, in many respects I enjoy it more.”
Catherine Helen Spence (1825-1910) was a Scottish-born Australian writer, journalist, social worker and political militant. After reading her novel Mr Hogarth’s Will (1865), a novel I described as Austenian, feminist and progressist, I wanted to know more about the woman who wrote it. So, when I noticed on Goodreads that she had written her autobiography, I decided to read it. EBooks are blessings, I don’t know how I could have put my hands on such a book here in France without an easy download of this free eBook copy.
CH Spence was born in Melrose, Scotland in 1825, in a family of eight. Her father was a banker and a lawyer. In 1839, after her father lost the family fortune, they emigrated to Australia and settled in Adelaide (South Australia). She belonged to a progressive family and benefited from a solid education. Her grandfather experimented with new agricultural methods. He left his farm in the hands of his daughter while he was pursuing other business ventures. In her family, women were part of the family business and not confined to domestic duties.
The capacity for business of my Aunt Margaret, the wit and charm of my brilliant Aunt Mary, and the sound judgment and accurate memory of my own dear mother, showed me early that women were fit to share in the work of this world, and that to make the world pleasant for men was not their only mission.
Her family was very religious (I didn’t understand what religious current it was) and it weighed on her vision of life. She says:
I was 30 years old before the dark veil of religious despondency was completely lifted from my soul, and by that time I felt myself booked for a single life. People married young if they married at all in those days. The single aunts put on caps at 30 as a sort of signal that they accepted their fate; and, although I did not do so, I felt a good deal the same.
She became Unitarian after settling in Australia and never married. From what she writes, I don’t think it was a real issue for her. She had the examples of two very active single aunts with full lives and made a lot of her own. She wrote books, did a lot of social work and was a strong advocate of effective voting. She also raised several orphaned children.
CH Spence writes about her literary career and the difficulty to have one when living in Australia, so far from London. I enjoyed the passages about Mr Hogarth’s Will and her experience as a writer. There are interesting passages about how much she earnt when she sold her novels and how precarious was her manuscripts’ journey to London. I loved her offhanded comment about classics
With all honour to the classical authors, there are two things in which they were deficient—the spirit of broad humanity and the sense of humour.
She knew French and could read book in the original:
It was also from Mrs. Barr Smith that I got so many of the works of Alphonse Daudet in French, which enabled me to give a rejoinder to Marcus Clark’s assertion that Balzac was a French Dickens.
Cheeky me wonders: why wouldn’t Dickens be an English Balzac? After all Father Goriot was published before Oliver Twist.
Besides literature and journalism, Spence explains her social work to improve the lives of women and children in South Australia. With Emily Clark they founded and promoted a system to take children out of destitute asylums and have them raised in approved families. I guess we call it foster care nowadays.
She also fought for a change of the voting system and advocated the Thomas Hare scheme. This is exposed in Mr Hogarth’s Will too and I confess that I didn’t understand the details of the scheme or the voting system in place at her time. The crux of the matter was to change from the current system that was not truly representative of the population to an enlarged pool of voters. Another battle was to obtain the secret ballot. As a feminist, she also petitioned for woman suffrage but thought that it was useless until effective voting was in place.
CH Spence travelled to England and Scotland, visiting the family. She also visited France and Italy. She went to the USA in 1893. She toured the country as a feminist speaker and mad a lot of public interventions. She also visited the Chicago World’s Fair. Imagine that she may have crossed the path of Marie Grandin, a Parisian lady who was at the fair too and wrote about it.
Spence’s autobiography lets the reader hear her voice, the voice of a caring, intelligent and energetic woman. She had strong beliefs and values and put her heart in the causes she chose to advocate. She fought all her life for effective voting. She was still on the board of various social services when she was in her seventies.
I’m glad I read Spence’s autobiography because there were a lot of interesting information in it but it’s not exactly a smooth read. Her prose is a bit heavy and sounds more like an account than a story. She mentions many people that didn’t mean anything to me. They may be famous Australians but as a French reader, it only slowed my reading and it became tedious at times. It feels like she was writing for her contemporary readership and not for posterity. It’s her legacy, an homage to her family, her friends and partners in all her social and political endeavours.
It is also a valuable account of Australia in the 19th century, especially South Australia and Melbourne. However, there is not a word about indigenous people. They don’t exist, it’s like Australia was a desert island at the disposal of colonizers.
My favourite parts were about literature, her comments on writing and characterization, the origin of her novels and her literary interests. I leave you with a last quote for the road, as I know there are many Austen fans out there. 🙂
About this time I read and appreciated Jane Austen’s novels—those exquisite miniatures, which no doubt her contemporaries identified without much interest. Her circle was as narrow as mine—indeed, narrower. She was the daughter of a clergyman in the country. She represented well-to-do grownup people, and them alone. The humour of servants, the sallies of children, the machinations of villains, the tricks of rascals, are not on her canvas; but she differentiated among equals with a firm hand, and with a constant ripple of amusement. The life I led had more breadth and wider interests. The life of Miss Austen’s heroines, though delightful to read about, would have been deadly dull to endure. So great a charm have Jane Austen’s books had for me that I have made a practice of reading them through regularly once a year.
Update on April 26, 2020. I’ve decided to join the Australian Women Writer Challenge for 2020. This is my first contribution.
I’m really pleased that you have read this, embarrassed too that you have read it and I have not. In connection with your comments I’m pretty sure she remained unmarried by choice, and that the autobiography was completed by her companion Jeannie Young.
Spence travelled the world advocating for proportional voting (the Hare-Clark system I think), which system has been taken up by New Zealand and Tasmania to the best of my knowledge. She was a visionary as shown by her short book A Week in the Future, and a tireless worker for the rights of women.
I will add your review to my Australian Women Writers Gen 1 page (as soon as I get out of holiday mode).
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Well, I believe you’re still stuck in Batchelor, there’s not time like the present. 🙂 You could download Spence’s autobiography! I wonder if all the names she mentions are still known today, even if they are only street names.
That’s it, the Hare-Clark system and she lived to see it adopted in Tasmania. It hasn’t changed in other states, then?
I’m impressed by her energy and all the things she did in her life especially considering that everything was slower than today (travel, post…) and in such an isolated country.
Thanks for adding my billet to your Australian Women Writers Gen 1 page
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I moved on a couple of days ago 100 km up the road to my daughter’s in Darwin NT and until she goes to work on Tuesday she’s determined to party. I have a couple of other books to get out of the way – that’s no way to speak of books! – to finish reviewing, but until I get home in a few weeks I will be downloading books so why not Spence?
The Australian Senate uses a form of Hare Clark so that each state is treated as one electorate, each electing six senators every half Senate election. In practice it has some defects particularly the very small primary vote needed to take the fifth and sixth seats (they are mostly elected on the unused preferences of no.s 1-4)
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I’m glad you’re with family now. Enjoy the party!
I’d be interested to read your review of this autobiography.
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I am not familiar with this extraordinary woman and writer at all – she sounds wonderful!
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She was an amazing woman and it’s an interesting read. Not very long too. Something that might tempt you?
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She sounds absolutely fascinating! What a shame her writing style didn’t always do her justice in the autobiography. It still sounds a really interesting read though.
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She was a fascinating person. When I read her bio on Wikipedia after reading Mr Hogarth’s Will, I was impressed by all the good work she did in her life.
Usually, I’m not very interested in reading about writers’ lives, I’m much more interested in their books. But she was too intriguing and I jumped on the opportunity to read her autobiography.
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She really was an amazing woman. I was able to read this autobiography and her letters in a recently published edition, and was amazed at what she was able to achieve. And yes, the way she travelled was astonishing, it made me feel guilty about complaining about long haul plane flights…
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I’m in awe of her. She has lived through a lot and she was very intelligent. I would have loved to meet her and talk to her.
She sounds like an extraordiary combination of intelligence, compassion and energy.
I couldn’t help noticing the off-handed “I went to England” as if it didn’t mean a dangerous, long and tedious journey on a ship. She didn’t write a book about her tour in America, did she? I wish I could read about her impressions of the country and its society.
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I think she wrote about that in her letters. She makes reference to getting the washing done and being seasick. (See my review https://anzlitlovers.com/2019/01/22/further-thoughts-ever-yours-c-h-spence-edited-by-susan-magarey-with-barbara-wall-mary-lyons-and-maryan-beams/)
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Thanks for the link.
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Excellent review Emma … and of course I loved her description of Austen. This is great: “The humour of servants, the sallies of children, the machinations of villains, the tricks of rascals, are not on her canvas; but she differentiated among equals with a firm hand, and with a constant ripple of amusement”. I love that “differentiated among equals with a firm hand, and with a constant ripple of amusement.” I will share that with my Austen friends.
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Thank you.
I knew you’d love this quote. Have you read Mr Hogarth’s Will?
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And I knew you knew I would! Haha.
No I’m afraid I haven’t. I’ve read quite a few of our early writers but not her yet.
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I’d love to read your thoughts about Mr Hogarth’s Will as it has a distinct Austenian vibe.
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Thanks Emma. Will have to try to read it.
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I’m glad you had such an interesting read for this rare foray into writers’ lives. I suppose that, with all the issues that she and the people of her times grappled with (expectations on women’s behaviour and rights, access to the vote etc), it was already quite something to write for her contemporary readership. More generally, how many writers write for posterity – real writers, not politicians for instance?
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She has had an extraordinary life.
From a literary standpoint, it’s not a very good book but she was so fascinating that what I learnt makes up for the imperfect style.
I’ve read a little bit of 19thC Australian lit and they had more female writers than France at the same period. Because seriously, who is there besides George Sand?
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Wish I could think of someone, but I can’t!
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We (Australia) have a year book – The Annals of Australian Literature – which lists every book published from the first day of white settlement up to the 1960s or 70s. You don’t have something similar?
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Maybe the French National Library’s Bibliographie nationale française (started 1811) is an equivalent. But do the Annals enable you to identify women writers only?
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No, the writers are named by surname (and initial, I think). In making up my lists of early Australian women writers there were quite a few I had to look up.
Also, academic and feminist, Dale Spender wrote a book about Australia’s first 200 women writers (as she did about 100 women before Jane Austen).
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That’s my point. No female writer…
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